2016+Trimester+2+Study+Guide

= 2016-2017 Trimester 2 Final Study Guide =

__** Unit 4: Energy and Work **__

1) Check your undestanding of the following concepts:


 * potential energy and kinetic energy
 * The Law of Conservation of Energy and it's application to various situations
 * Where does the missing energy go? Possible sources of "lost" energy in situations like a ball bouncing, a marble on a half-pipe, etc.
 * Using conservation laws to reach the same answer as force/motion laws. Benefits of using conservation law instead of force/motion, drawbacks of using conservation laws instead of force/motion
 * what is work and how is it related to energy?
 * dimensional analysis of PE, KE, work, and power
 * when does net work = 0? What does that mean for all the forces involved? Does it mean no work is being done at all? Conceptual understanding to questions like this.
 * What is power? What happens to power if you change different variables--does power go up or down? Proportionality and inverse proportionality.
 * How/when do we plug work into our energy equations?

2) The book is partially useful for this unit because it covers a lot of the same stuff we did in class, but it's explanation of work may or may not make sense to you. I'm not a particular fan of the way the book tackles work (the energy part is great) but I know for some students it has helped clear up some misunderstandings.

3) Force of friction is not the same as work done by friction, so you'll need to know how/when to use each. Know how the work done by opposing forces on an inclined plane will reduce the kinetic energy available at the end.

4) Power is simply work/time, so it's a small addition to your understanding of energy/work. Just be aware of how force, distance, and time are all involved in calculating power and what the effect of changing each variable would be.

__Rotational Motion__

1) Check your understanding of the following concepts:
 * Examples of rotational motion
 * Converting linear motion equations into rotational motion equations. (think of the change in variables)
 * Understand concepts like centrifugal force, centripetal force/acceleration, angular velocity/acceleration and tangential velocity/acceleration
 * Understand the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. Why do ice-skaters spin faster when they bring their arms in? Why are galaxies shaped like a fried egg when viewed from the side?
 * How can spinning something create artificial gravity?
 * If you put a penny on a record player, how fast do you need to spin the record to get the penny to fly off? Know the forces involved in those types of questions.
 * This is also a fairly mathematical unit, so know what the equations look like and how you use them

1) This unit was largely about taking our linear motion equations and converting them to a circular system, so be familiar with the variable swaps.

2) Centrifugal force was another major concept, so know what it is, what affects it, and what part it plays in problems like the penny and the record. What forces are equal when the penny flies off?

3) If a planet rotates once every 35.3 days, what is it's angular velocity? If you are given a radius, what's its tangential velocity?

4) If you're spinning a ball on a string how can you calculate the tension in the string or the direction the ball goes flying off when the string snaps? What variables would you need to be given?

__Harmonic Motion__

1) Check your understanding of the following concepts:
 * What are oscillations, vibrations, harmonic motion, etc?
 * There was a decent amount of vocabulary. Know it!
 * Why can we use circular motion variables and concepts for oscillating systems that aren't rotating?
 * Hooke's Law and how you could calculate the k value for a spring
 * What forces are involved in damping the motion of springs and pendulum (and other systems)
 * What things affect the frequency/period of a spring-mass system and a pendulum?
 * Know how to graph harmonic motion (looks like a transverse wave) and where the equilibrium points are
 * What are the forces involved in pendulum motion? Which direction do they point?

1) Nothing oscillates forever, so know what the damping forces are in a variety of situations. Don't memorize, just think logically.

2) We spent some time thinking about the effects of centrifugal force on harmonic motion. What affect does the rotation of the Earth affect the frequency or period of different systems?

3) What do graphs of harmonic motion look like? What do they look like if the system dampens?

4) Be familiar with the physics of spring-mass systems and pendulum systems. Why do they work the way they do, what equations describe them, what forces dampen them?

__Waves and the Doppler Effect__

1) Check your understanding of the following concepts:
 * What are the two types of waves and what are their characteristics? Examples of both.
 * All vocabulary terms
 * What are the four things a wave can do when the medium changes? Examples of each.
 * Understand standing waves, harmonics, and resonance.
 * How does the length of a confined space (resonating chamber) affect the frequency/wavelength of the allowable waves?
 * Know the relationship between nodes/antinodes and the number of waves present
 * Constructive and destructive interference and how it affects amplitude of the superimposed wave
 * Understand the physics behind noise-canceling headphones and using sound to shatter a wine glass
 * How do we use the wave speed equation to explain all sorts of phenomenon? For example, helium voices, slide whistles, pressing trumpet keys, guitar string notes, etc?
 * How do you graph a superimposed wave?
 * What creates beats?
 * What is the Doppler effect and how does it apply to sound waves and light waves?
 * How do we use the Doppler effect to determine the relative motion of stars and planets?

1) This was a very conceptual unit without a lot of equations but be able to use the wave speed equation to explain all sorts of sound/light wave phenomena.

2) Understand the Doppler effect and which +/- sign would be used when a certain situation is described.

3) Be very familiar with the concept of whole-number wavelengths resonating in confined spaces and how you would express all the possible frequencies mathematically (with an n).

4) I guess what I'm saying is just be super smart.